Capital Heart Centre https://www.capitalheart.sg/ Fri, 21 Aug 2026 00:16:39 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://www.capitalheart.sg/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/cropped-favicon-512x512-1-150x150.png Capital Heart Centre https://www.capitalheart.sg/ 32 32 Modern Fatherhood Is Changing And So Is Men’s Approach to Self-Care https://www.capitalheart.sg/modern-fatherhood-is-changing-and-so-is-mens-approach-to-self-care/ Tue, 23 Jun 2026 03:32:48 +0000 https://www.capitalheart.sg/?p=11356 The post Modern Fatherhood Is Changing And So Is Men’s Approach to Self-Care appeared first on Capital Heart Centre.

]]>

Modern Fatherhood Is Changing And So Is Men’s Approach to Self-Care

Dr Joshua Loh was recently featured in The Wellness Insider, sharing his insights on men’s health and preventive heart care. This article was published on 19 June 2026.

Father’s Day is a good time to celebrate what dads do. It is also a good time to ask: when did you last check on your own heart?

According to Dr Joshua Loh, Senior Consultant Interventional Cardiologist and Medical Director at Capital Heart Centre, most fathers are not ignoring their health on purpose. The problem is that the conditions most likely to harm them give very little warning.

“Many fathers naturally devote a great deal of their time and energy to their work and family responsibilities. In doing so, their own health can sometimes take a lower priority,” says Dr Loh.

High blood pressure, elevated cholesterol and diabetes are among the most common contributors to heart disease in men. All three can develop gradually over many years without any noticeable symptoms. By the time a man feels something is wrong, the condition may already be significantly more advanced.

This is why Dr Loh emphasises preventive heart health for men in their 40s and 50s, before any red flags appear.

The Weekend Warrior Problem

One pattern Dr Loh sees regularly is what he calls the “weekend warrior” approach: men who are largely sedentary through the week, then push hard through intense exercise on weekends or sign up for demanding fitness events without progressively building up their fitness first.

While the intent is positive, the approach carries real risk.

“Sustainable fitness tends to produce better long-term outcomes than sporadic bursts of intense activity,” he says. “Recovery, sleep, nutrition, gradual progression and understanding your individual health profile are just as important as the workout itself.”

What Fathers Can Do Now

Understanding key health indicators, including blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar levels, gives men a clearer picture of their cardiovascular health before problems arise.

“Do not wait for symptoms before paying attention to your health,” says Dr Loh. “Many of the conditions that contribute to heart disease can develop quietly over many years.”
The best thing a father can do for his family this year may simply be to book that health screening he has been putting off.

This article was originally featured in The Wellness Insider. Read the full feature here.

The post Modern Fatherhood Is Changing And So Is Men’s Approach to Self-Care appeared first on Capital Heart Centre.

]]> Coronary Angioplasty Procedure: What to Expect https://www.capitalheart.sg/coronary-angioplasty-procedure-what-to-expect/ Thu, 12 Mar 2026 04:03:23 +0000 https://www.capitalheart.sg/?p=11324 The post Coronary Angioplasty Procedure: What to Expect appeared first on Capital Heart Centre.

]]>

Summary:

  • Coronary angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure that widens blocked arteries, most commonly performed alongside coronary stent placement
  • It can be planned for patients with severe arterial narrowing, or done as an emergency during a heart attack to restore blood flow quickly 
  • Coronary angioplasty may be recommended when significant narrowing of the coronary arteries restricts blood flow to the heart, and may also be performed urgently to restore blood flow during a heart attack.
  • The procedure typically takes 30 minutes to two hours, and usually requires an overnight hospital stay
  • Patients should watch for warning signs after discharge, including chest discomfort, bleeding or swelling at the catheter site, episodes of fainting, and seek medical attention if these occur.

Patients suffering from coronary artery disease may experience worsening symptoms that require intervention beyond medication to alleviate their discomfort. This is where coronary angioplasty steps in. Patients considering this procedure should know what to expect before, during, and after the procedure, as covered in this article.

What is Coronary Angioplasty?

Coronary angioplasty (also known as percutaneous coronary intervention) is a minimally invasive procedure to widen a narrowed or blocked artery. This is done by inserting a narrow tube (catheter) with a balloon attached into the artery via a small incision in the groin or wrist. Once in place, the balloon is inflated to widen the artery. In the majority of cases, a small wire mesh tube called a coronary stent is placed to help keep the artery open after it has been widened. Depending on the severity of the patient’s conditions, the cardiologist may recommend balloon angioplasty alone (oftentimes with a drug-coated balloon) or more commonly angioplasty with coronary drug-eluting stent placement as part of an individualised treatment plan.

Why is it performed

Coronary angioplasty is performed to widen narrowed arteries caused by blockages. Blockages in the coronary arteries may result in poor blood flow to the heart muscle. These blockages may cause symptoms such as chest pain (angina) and shortness of breath. In emergencies such as a heart attack, angioplasty can quickly restore blood flow to minimise heart damage and potentially save a patient’s life.

When it’s recommended

A cardiologist may recommend an angioplasty for patients who:

  • have severely narrowed arteries demonstrated on scans
  • experience symptoms of coronary artery disease, such as chest pain or shortness of breath despite being on medications 
  • are in an emergency situation, such as during a heart attack

Preparing for Coronary Angioplasty

If you are planning for a coronary angioplasty, here are some things to keep in mind when preparing for the procedure. 

Your cardiologist will review your full medical history, including any medication allergies. You are encouraged to share any past experience involving the use of X-ray contrast (dye) or iodine compounds, which will be utilised during a coronary angioplasty. Patients who think they may be pregnant should also inform their cardiologist. 

Patients may also undergo several preliminary tests, including blood tests, an electrocardiogram (ECG), and additional investigations as needed. You are advised to bring reports of any prior investigations done to be reviewed by your cardiologist.

Based on the above results, your cardiologist will decide if the procedure is suitable. Your care team will then schedule a date for the procedure. You will need to arrange for transport home upon discharge, as you will not be allowed to drive immediately after an angioplasty.

During the Procedure

You will be advised to fast for at least 6 hours before the procedure. You will also be required to remove any dentures, contact lenses, and jewellery before the procedure. Additionally, since catheter insertion may be done through the groin area, shaving may be necessary.

At the start of the procedure, your cardiologist will administer local anaesthesia and sedation medications to ensure comfort. The first step of the procedure is to perform a coronary angiogram. A catheter is inserted through the wrist or groin vessel to reach the heart, and contrast is injected to help the cardiologist visualise the arteries. You are unlikely to feel pain, but you may experience uncomfortable pressure at the insertion site. 

The coronary angiography and angioplasty procedure may involve:

  • coronary physiology assessment (assessing blood flow in the coronary arteries)
  • intracoronary or intravascular imaging (using a special imaging catheter to look from within the coronary artery)
  • balloon angioplasty (using small coronary balloons to widen the blockages including the use of drug-coated balloons)
  • coronary stenting (placement of the latest drug-eluting stents to keep the arteries open)
  • rotational or orbital atherectomy (using special drills to open up very hardened or calcified vessels)
  • intravascular lithotripsy (using a special balloon which delivers ultrasonic waves to soften the calcium before implanting the stent)

The entire procedure usually takes 30 minutes to 2 hours to complete, but may vary depending on the complexity of the procedure.

Recovery After Angioplasty

After the procedure, you will be monitored in a hospital ward for recovery. Coronary angioplasty usually requires an overnight stay, but it varies based on the patient’s condition. Your care team will continue to monitor your condition and look out for any potential complications. 

Once ready for discharge, your cardiologist will provide further instructions, prescribe medications (e.g., blood thinners), and schedule follow-up appointments.

Long-Term Care and Lifestyle Changes

Upon returning home, you may need some time to recover. This means avoiding strenuous activity, especially activities that involve excessive use of or pressure on the site of catheter insertion.

You are also encouraged to monitor the catheter access site to ensure that no excessive bleeding occurs after the procedure. Significant swelling, pain, or numbness will require consultation with your cardiologist.

Importantly, patients are recommended to make healthy changes to their lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and quitting smoking.

When to Seek Help After the Procedure

The risk of complications following a coronary angioplasty is low. Patients should be mindful of the following complications should they occur and contact their medical team immediately for further checks:

  • Chest discomfort or difficulty breathing
  • Weakness or episodes of fainting
  • Bleeding or swelling at the site where the catheter was inserted
  • Pain or tenderness around the catheter insertion area

Still Worried? Speak to A Cardiologist

Going for a procedure can indeed be unnerving. To ensure you are in optimal condition, make sure you speak to the right cardiologist and have all your questions addressed beforehand.

In Singapore, you can turn to Capital Heart Centre, which provides expert cardiovascular care helmed by Dr Joshua Loh, Senior Consultant Cardiologist. Under his care, the friendly team is committed to helping patients achieve optimal heart health. If you are looking for a care team that can promptly address your heart concerns, schedule an appointment at Capital Heart Centre.

References

  1. Mayo Clinic Staff. Coronary Angioplasty and Stents. Mayo Clinic [Internet]. Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/coronary-angioplasty/about/pac-20384761. 
  2. Coronary Angioplasty and Stent Insertion – Recovery. NHS [Internet]. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronary-angioplasty/recovery/. 
  3. Ministry of Health Singapore. SD714H – Heart, Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Bill Information. Ministry of Health Singapore [Internet]. Published 2026. Available at: https://www.moh.gov.sg/managing-expenses/bills-and-fee-benchmarks/cost-financing/tosp-sd714h-bill-information/. 

The post Coronary Angioplasty Procedure: What to Expect appeared first on Capital Heart Centre.

]]> Angioplasty vs Stent: What’s the Difference https://www.capitalheart.sg/angioplasty-vs-stent-whats-the-difference/ Thu, 12 Mar 2026 03:40:30 +0000 https://www.capitalheart.sg/?p=11316 The post Angioplasty vs Stent: What’s the Difference appeared first on Capital Heart Centre.

]]>

Summary:

  • Balloon angioplasty widens a narrowed coronary artery using a small balloon, while a coronary stent is a metal scaffold placed afterwards to keep the artery open.
  • In most cases, both procedures are performed together and referred to collectively as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
  • Drug-eluting coronary stents, which release medication to reduce re-narrowing, are the standard choice in PCI procedures today.
  • Balloon Angioplasty and coronary stenting treat the blockage but do not cure coronary artery disease, so ongoing medication and lifestyle changes remain necessary.
  • In Singapore, PCI is also used in emergency settings, such as during a heart attack, to restore blood flow quickly.

Balloon Angioplasty vs Coronary Stent: What Singaporeans Should Know?

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a condition where the blood vessels supplying your heart become narrowed or blocked by fatty deposits (plaque). This can cause chest pain (angina), shortness of breath and in serious cases, heart attacks. 

Modern cardiology offers several ways to restore blood flow in blocked coronary arteries.  Two common interventional approaches are balloon angioplasty and coronary stenting. In many cases, these two procedures are frequently used together to achieve the best possible outcome.

What Is Balloon Angioplasty?

Angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure performed in a cath lab or cardiac catheterisation lab. A cardiologist inserts a thin tube called a catheter through a small puncture in the wrist or groin and guides it to the blocked part of a coronary artery. 

A coronary artery may become blocked for several reasons, including:

  • Atherosclerosis: the build up of fatty deposits on the inner walls of the blood vessels
  • Thrombosis: the formation of blood clots
  • Coronary artery spasm: a temporary narrowing of the artery that can significantly reduce blood flow

When this happens, balloon angioplasty can help improve blood flow by widening the narrowed artery. During the procedure, a tiny balloon at the tip of the catheter is inflated at the site of the blockage. This presses the plaque against the arterial wall and opens the vessel, allowing blood to flow more easily.

This was the original minimally invasive method used to open coronary arteries without major surgery.

What Is a Coronary Stent?

A coronary stent is a tiny metal mesh tube that can be placed inside the artery after balloon angioplasty. Once expanded with the balloon, the stent remains in place as a scaffold to help keep the artery open.

Most coronary stents used today are drug-eluting stents. These stents are coated with medication that is slowly released into the artery to help reduce the risk of the artery narrowing again.

In simple terms:

  • Balloon angioplasty is a technique that uses a balloon to widen an artery.
  • A coronary stent is a device placed during or immediately after angioplasty to help keep the artery open.

How Are They Used in Practice?

Today, most coronary angioplasty procedures include coronary stent placement as part of standard treatment. Stents help reduce the risk of the artery narrowing again after the procedure, a process known as restenosis. Drug-eluting stents, in particular, have been shown to lower this risk compared with balloon angioplasty alone or with old bare-metal stents.

This is why, in Singapore and around the world, angioplasty with coronary stenting is considered the standard approach when a blocked artery needs to be opened.

There are exceptions. In selected cases, such as certain simple blockages or small vessels, doctors may use a drug-coated balloon without placing a stent. These are more specialised decisions made on a case-by-case basis.

The entire procedure involving balloon angioplasty and/or coronary stenting is called Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI).

When Are These Procedures Done?

Doctors may recommend Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) (balloon angioplasty with or without coronary stent placement) in the following situations:

  1. When angina is not adequately controlled with medication
  2. During a heart attack, when quickly opening the blocked artery can be lifesaving
  3. When significant narrowing is seen on imaging and is causing reduced blood flow to the heart muscle

These procedures are less invasive and usually involve a shorter recovery time than open heart surgery (known as coronary artery bypass grafting or CABG), which is generally reserved for more widespread or complex disease.

What Happens After the Procedure?

Whether you undergo balloon angioplasty alone or angioplasty with a coronary stent, known as Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI), you will usually need ongoing care after the procedure.

This may include:

  1. Antiplatelet medication such as aspirin and another blood thinning medicine to help prevent clots from forming at the treatment site
  2. Lifestyle measures such as regular exercise, a balanced diet, blood pressure and cholesterol control, smoking cessation, and diabetes management

It is important to remember that angioplasty and coronary stenting help treat blocked arteries, but they do not cure coronary artery disease itself.

Key Differences Between Balloon Angioplasty Alone and Angioplasty with Stent

Feature Balloon Angioplasty Alone Angioplasty + Stent
What it is A balloon is used to widen the narrowed artery A balloon is used to widen the artery and a stent is placed to support it
Long-term support No permanent structure Yes, the stent acts as a scaffold
Risk of re-narrowing Higher Lower, especially with drug-eluting stents
Common use today Less common as a standalone treatment Standard practice in CAD cases

In Summary

Balloon angioplasty is the technique used to open a narrowed heart artery, while a coronary stent is a small metal scaffold placed to help keep the artery open over the longer term. In Singapore and globally, most patients who undergo angioplasty will also receive a coronary stent, most commonly a drug-eluting stent, to help reduce the risk of the artery narrowing again. The entire procedure involving balloon angioplasty and/or coronary stenting is called Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI).

These procedures form part of a broader strategy for treating coronary artery disease, together with medications, lifestyle changes, and in some cases bypass surgery, to support better heart health and quality of life.

Speak to a Cardiologist in Singapore

Heart health is an important part of overall wellbeing, yet blocked arteries are often only discovered when symptoms become more serious. Fortunately, minimally invasive procedures with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) using balloon angioplasty and coronary stenting are available to restore blood flow when needed, including in emergency situations.

For adults aged 40 and above, routine heart screening can play an important role in detecting risk factors and identifying heart conditions early. When clinically appropriate, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) using balloon angioplasty and coronary stenting can be effective treatment options for patients with coronary artery disease. In Singapore, the team at Capital Heart Centre, led by Senior Consultant Cardiologist Dr Joshua Loh, is ready to support patients in achieving better heart health.

References

  1. https://www.singhealth.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/coronary-angioplasty?utm_source=chatgpt.com “Coronary Angioplasty – Treatments”
  2. https://www.ahg.com.sg/cardiology-heart-department/angioplasty-procedure-singapore/?utm_source=chatgpt.com “Angioplasty Procedure in Singapore | Ascle Healthcare Group”
  3. https://www.capitalheart.sg/services/minimally-invasive/coronary-angioplasty-and-stenting/?utm_source=chatgpt.com “Coronary Angioplasty and Stenting – Capital Heart Centre”
  4. https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/Clinical-Trials/2010/02/23/19/17/Restenosis-Stent-Study?utm_source=chatgpt.com “Coronary-Artery Stenting Compared With Balloon Angioplasty for Restenosis After Initial Balloon Angioplasty – American College of Cardiology”
  5. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/coronary-angioplasty/about/pac-20384761?utm_source=chatgpt.com “Coronary angioplasty and stents – Mayo Clinic”
  6. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/expert-answers/coronary-artery-disease/faq-20058302?utm_source=chatgpt.com “Coronary artery disease: Angioplasty or bypass surgery? – Mayo Clinic”

The post Angioplasty vs Stent: What’s the Difference appeared first on Capital Heart Centre.

]]> Festive Heart Health: How CNY Foods Can Affect Cholesterol and Blood Pressure https://www.capitalheart.sg/festive-heart-health-how-cny-foods-can-affect-cholesterol-and-blood-pressure/ Wed, 25 Feb 2026 09:59:43 +0000 https://www.capitalheart.sg/?p=11304 The post Festive Heart Health: How CNY Foods Can Affect Cholesterol and Blood Pressure appeared first on Capital Heart Centre.

]]>

Festive Heart Health: How CNY Foods Can Affect Cholesterol and Blood Pressure

Chinese New Year celebrations often revolve around reunion meals, snacks and festive favourites. But many popular dishes are also high in salt and saturated fat — a combination that can quietly raise blood pressure and LDL (“bad”) cholesterol, especially when indulgence stretches over several days.

This article is based on information shared in Shin Min Daily, featuring Dr Joshua Loh, Senior Consultant Interventional Cardiologist and Medical Director at Capital Heart Centre.

The hidden issue isn’t one dish — it’s the total “salt + fat load”

From a cardiovascular risk perspective, Dr Loh highlights that the main concern is usually not a single food item, but the combined load of sodium and saturated fat across multiple meals. During the festive period, it is easy to consume high-sodium ingredients repeatedly — at home, during visiting, and across reunion dinners — without realising how quickly intake adds up.

Foods commonly higher in sodium include processed and preserved items such as bak kwa, Chinese sausages, waxed meats, salted fish, and dried seafood products that come with sauces. Sodium levels also climb with dishes that rely heavily on soy sauce, oyster sauce, stock cubes and hotpot dipping sauces.

For saturated fat and cholesterol, Dr Loh points to items such as roasted pork belly, fried spring rolls, deep-fried dishes, as well as rich desserts and pastries made with butter or shortening.

Can “once-a-year” feasting cause sudden spikes?

According to Dr Loh, yes — even a short festive stretch can make a difference. A few days of high salt and high fat intake may lead to temporary rises in blood pressure and cholesterol levels. This effect can be more pronounced in older adults and individuals with underlying conditions such as hypertension, diabetes or heart disease.

Excess salt can cause fluid retention, increasing blood pressure, while meals high in saturated fat may temporarily raise cholesterol levels. When festive eating continues over several days, some people may notice symptoms more clearly — particularly if they already have cardiovascular risk factors.

Heart-healthier swaps that still feel festive

The goal isn’t to “avoid everything”, but to enjoy celebrations with smarter choices. Dr Loh suggests cooking methods that reduce excess oil, such as steaming, boiling, baking, air-frying, or stir-frying with small amounts of oil, instead of deep frying.

He also recommends:

  • Choosing leaner cuts of meat
  • Adding more vegetables, tofu or mushrooms to meals to reduce saturated fat while keeping dishes satisfying
  • Reducing sodium by using less sauce, serving sauce on the side, and flavouring dishes with garlic, ginger, herbs or citrus instead

For festive snacks, Dr Loh notes that smaller portions — or homemade versions with less sugar and oil — can be a more heart-friendly approach.

Portion control without feeling left out

Portion control works best when it feels normal and social, not restrictive. One practical approach is to taste more dishes, but take smaller servings per dish. This lowers total sodium and saturated fat intake while still allowing people to enjoy variety.

Another important habit is to slow down when eating, because the body’s fullness signals lag behind the pace of a meal.

For snacks, Dr Loh warns against “continuous grazing”. Festive snacks are often energy-dense and easy to overeat. A helpful strategy is to decide in advance on a small snack window, then stop — reducing the risk of overconsumption that can worsen blood pressure control and weight-related risks across the holiday period.

Extra tips for older adults and those with high blood pressure or heart disease

For individuals at higher risk, Dr Loh stresses a few essentials:

  • Continue prescribed medications and do not skip doses during travel or busy visiting schedules
  • Build meals around lower-sodium and higher-fibre foods, such as vegetables, fruit, and soups with less salt
  • Treat preserved and processed items as small add-ons, not the main event, to keep sodium intake within safer ranges

Why a short walk after meals helps

Post-meal activity can be a simple, practical tool during a season of frequent eating. Dr Loh explains that light activity — such as a gentle walk after meals — supports blood circulation and improves glucose handling, both of which help keep blood pressure more stable.

He notes research suggesting that even short bouts of post-meal walking (around 10 minutes) can reduce post-meal glucose spikes compared with staying sedentary — a useful habit during festive periods when meals are larger and more frequent.

He also advises avoiding heavy late-night feasts, as large meals close to bedtime may disrupt sleep and place additional strain on the cardiovascular system, especially in those with hypertension or heart disease.

When to seek immediate medical attention

After heavy festive meals, Dr Loh urges people to seek urgent medical help if they experience:

  • Chest discomfort or tightness
  • Pain spreading to the arm, jaw or back
  • Sudden shortness of breath
  • Dizziness, fainting, severe headache
  • Sudden palpitations
  • Nausea with cold sweats or unusual fatigue

This is especially important for older adults, as heart attack symptoms may present in less typical ways and can be mistaken for indigestion or fatigue.

Medical Disclaimer: This content is for general education and does not replace a medical consultation. Individuals with existing heart conditions, risk factors, or concerning symptoms should seek assessment from a qualified healthcare professional for personalised advice.

The post Festive Heart Health: How CNY Foods Can Affect Cholesterol and Blood Pressure appeared first on Capital Heart Centre.

]]> Don’t Forget Your Heart During the Festive Season https://www.capitalheart.sg/dont-forget-your-heart-during-the-festive-season/ Wed, 25 Feb 2026 09:50:20 +0000 https://www.capitalheart.sg/?p=11295 The post Don’t Forget Your Heart During the Festive Season appeared first on Capital Heart Centre.

]]>

Don’t Forget Your Heart During the Festive Season

Practical heart-protecting tips for Chinese New Year gatherings and family visits

Festive seasons are meant to be joyful — but they also come with richer meals, irregular schedules, late nights, and plenty of “just one more bite”. For people living with heart disease or high blood pressure, these changes can quietly increase strain on the cardiovascular system.

In a recent Shin Min Daily News (新明日报) feature, a senior interventional cardiology consultant from Capital Heart Centre (under Beyond Medical Group) shared timely reminders for staying heart-safe while still enjoying Lunar New Year celebrations — especially for those with heart conditions and hypertension.

Here are the key takeaways you can apply throughout the festive period.

1) Keep medications consistent — even on busy days

During the festive period, routines change. You may be out all day visiting relatives, eating at different times, or travelling. That’s exactly when it becomes easy to forget your regular medications.

Heart disease and high blood pressure patients should continue taking prescribed medications consistently, even when travelling or visiting multiple households — and avoid missing doses.

What to do:

  • Set a phone reminder for your usual medication times
  • Carry a small pill case in your bag so doses don’t get missed while you’re outside
  • If you forget a dose, follow your doctor/pharmacist’s advice on what to do next

This matters even more for older adults, as blood pressure can fluctuate more easily.

2) Eat with a “low sodium, high fibre” mindset

Many festive favourites are tasty because they’re salty, preserved, or processed — but these are also the foods that can push sodium intake above a safer range.

Dr Joshua recommends choosing low-sodium, high-fibre foods more often — such as vegetables, fruit, and lighter soups — while reducing cured and processed foods to help keep sodium intake within a safer range.

Easy swaps that still feel festive:

  • Choose fresh dishes before reaching for preserved items
  • Ask for sauce on the side
  • Balance each meal with a vegetable dish and fruit afterwards

3) Add light activity after meals — even 10 minutes helps

One of the most practical tips is simple: move a little after eating.

Research shared in the article notes that even a 10-minute walk after a meal is more effective than sitting still in helping to lower the post-meal blood sugar peak — which can be especially relevant during a season of frequent meals and snacking.

Try this during visits:

  • Suggest a short walk after dinner
  • Walk while chatting instead of sitting the whole evening
  • Help with light tidying (standing and moving counts)

4) Avoid late-night heavy meals

Late suppers are common during holidays, but heavy late-night meals can disrupt sleep and add extra strain to the cardiovascular system — particularly for people with high blood pressure or heart disease.

A heart-friendlier festive rhythm:

  • Keep dinner earlier when possible
  • If hungry late, choose something lighter
  • If you know dinner will be heavy, keep other meals simpler that day

A quick CNY heart-care checklist

✅ Take medications on time (pack extras if travelling)
✅ More vegetables and fruit on the plate
✅ Go easy on salty/processed foods
✅ 10-minute walk after main meals
✅ Avoid heavy late-night suppers
✅ Prioritise rest

Enjoy the celebrations — and protect what matters

Chinese New Year is about family, connection, and blessings. Looking after your heart doesn’t mean you can’t enjoy festive foods — it simply means being a little more intentional.

As Dr Joshua shares, small habits — consistent medication, smarter food choices, light post-meal movement, and better timing of meals — can go a long way in helping your heart cope better with the festive season.

Read the full article on Shin Min Daily News (新明日报): visit link [PASTE LINK HERE]

The post Don’t Forget Your Heart During the Festive Season appeared first on Capital Heart Centre.

]]> Heart Health: Why Prevention Is Your First Line of Defence https://www.capitalheart.sg/heart-health-why-prevention-is-your-first-line-of-defence/ Thu, 20 Nov 2025 23:54:43 +0000 https://www.capitalheart.sg/?p=11256 The post Heart Health: Why Prevention Is Your First Line of Defence appeared first on Capital Heart Centre.

]]>

Summary:

  • More than 3,000 Singaporeans suffer sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) each year, but survival is possible with fast, coordinated action.
  • CPR combined with early AED use within the first few minutes can increase survival rates by up to 50%.
  • Many cardiac arrests are linked to preventable conditions, including coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathy.
  • Routine heart screenings can detect risk factors before symptoms appear, giving you the best chance of early intervention.
  • Knowing CPR and where to find an AED in your community could save a life.

Every year, more than 3,000 Singaporeans suffer from sudden cardiac arrest. Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is the sudden stop of the heart’s electrical activity, which dictates the heart’s ability to pump blood to the rest of the body. This can occur due to an irregular heartbeat and can potentially lead to death.

Man experiencing chest pain

It is important not to confuse SCA with a heart attack, which occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked. However, a heart attack can lead to cardiac arrest as one of its complications.

The good news is that, while life-threatening, cardiac arrest can be reversible with the right intervention — typically within minutes of onset — through CPR and AED use, all guided by the Chain of Survival. To protect yourself from such a scenario, here is a curated guide from a heart doctor in Singapore to help you understand how to safeguard your heart health.

Understanding the Chain of Survival

As a life-threatening condition, sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) can happen at any time with little to no warning among patients. When a cardiac arrest occurs, the heart malfunctions and stops beating unexpectedly. The effect can happen within seconds, as patients collapse or stop breathing (appearing as gasping for air). You may also notice victims’ loss of pulse, the appearance of a seizure with the jerking of limbs, or rolling up of the eyes.

Without immediate intervention, a cardiac arrest patient’s chances of survival decrease with each passing second to minute. This happens as blood flow to the heart and brain stops. With the slim chance of survival, making use of every window period is crucial. Hence, a system called the ‘Chain of Survival’ has been created.

Chain of Survival image

Source: Singapore Heart Foundation

Under this guideline, there are seven clear steps on what actions to take:

  1. Prevention: Undoubtedly, preventing cardiac arrest is far better than surviving one. A key tip from heart specialists is to adopt a healthy diet and undergo routine heart screenings to identify risks early.
  2. Early Activation and AED Access: If you notice the signs of cardiac arrest, dial 995 for an ambulance in Singapore and ask someone to retrieve an Automated External Defibrillator (AED). If you are alone, only retrieve an AED if it is visible and nearby.
  3. Early CPR: To maintain blood and oxygen flow to the heart and brain, perform chest compressions continuously until the AED arrives.
  4. Early Defibrillation: Once the AED arrives, turn it on and follow the voice prompts carefully. If the patient is in a wet area or on a metal surface, move them if it is safe to do so. Otherwise, ensure no one is touching the patient or the surface during the shock. Avoid using the AED near flammable gases. Immediate CPR combined with early AED use can increase a cardiac arrest victim’s survival rate by up to 50% if administered within the first few minutes.
  5. Emergency Medical Services (Ambulance): Rapid transport to the nearest hospital can be critical in improving the chances of surviving cardiac arrest.
  6. Early Advanced Care: Once at the hospital, patients will receive advanced cardiac life support to restore heart function and ensure oxygen continues to circulate throughout the body.
  7. Recovery: Ongoing medical and community support, such as rehabilitation therapy and nutritional guidance, is essential to help survivors of cardiac arrest regain normal function and improve long-term outcomes.

Prevention: What Are We Trying to Stop?

Two primary factors can contribute to the onset of a cardiac arrest:

Heart rate readings
  • A faulty electrical activity in the heart, which can be identified through the presence of an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia). This means the heart may be beating too fast, too slow, or irregularly. While arrhythmias can be brief and harmless, they also carry a risk of triggering cardiac arrest.
  • Other heart diseases that interfere with the heart’s electrical system can also contribute to SCA, such as:
  • Coronary artery disease
  • Heart attack
  • An enlarged heart, called cardiomyopathy
  • Valvular heart disease or Heart valve disease
  • A heart condition present at birth, called a congenital heart defect

Therefore, maintaining a healthy heart or detecting existing irregular heartbeat conditions and other heart diseases is key to preventing the onset of cardiac arrest. Some practical tips from heart specialists in Singapore include:

  • Eating healthy
  • Staying active with regular exercise
  • Not smoking or using tobacco
  • Going for routine heart screenings

How Health Screenings Help Prevent Heart Emergencies

Heart conditions often lurk silently, with patients unaware until symptoms worsen. This is why heart health screenings are essential. They help prevent heart emergencies by detecting risk factors and early signs of heart disease before they become life-threatening, allowing for timely lifestyle changes or medical intervention.

In Singapore, you can visit a heart specialist clinic for a routine check-up. At Capital Heart Centre, we offer a range of options to meet patients’ needs, ranging from basic to premium packages.

When Prevention Isn’t Enough: The Other Steps in the Chain

While routine heart screenings can be effective, there are instances in which the heart may malfunction without warning. Prevention may not always be a foolproof plan against cardiac arrest. In such situations, relying on the subsequent steps in the Chain of Survival can be your best bet for surviving a cardiac arrest. As such, it is critical to understand the steps involved in the chain to know what to do in case of emergencies.

An Emergency Defibrilator

Source: Singapore First Aid Training Centre

Most importantly, being able to perform chest compressions and use an AED can improve a victim’s chance of survival. Nowadays, AEDs are increasingly available in the community, at lift lobbies, shopping malls, and schools. You can also download the myResponder app beforehand, which can help you identify the nearest AED when needed.

What You Can Do Now to Protect Your Heart

If you are confused about where to start, here are 2 key steps you can take today to protect your heart.

CPR Practice Dummy

Learn CPR

By now, it is clear that CPR is a vital procedure that can mean the difference between life and death for cardiac arrest victims. For every minute that nothing is done, the victim’s chance of survival decreases by 10%. Ensuring that you and those around you are equipped with CPR skills can be extremely helpful in emergencies.

Schedule a Heart Screening

Doctor showing a heart model to a patient

If you are a male over 40 years old or a female approaching menopause, understand that your risk for various cardiovascular conditions is elevated. This means it is the right time to schedule a heart screening to identify potential risks. Alternatively, if you have a known family history of heart conditions, you should consider getting a heart screening early to manage potential risks by working with your heart specialist.

​​Prevention Is a Choice You Can Make Today

While cardiac arrest can strike without warning, many risk factors are preventable through simple lifestyle changes. By staying active, eating heart-healthy foods, and going for regular screenings, you can take control of your heart health before problems arise. Prevention starts with the choices you make today.

References

  1. Singapore Resuscitation & First Aid Council. Cardio‑Pulmonary Resuscitation and Automated External Defibrillation (CPR + AED) Provider Course Manual. Rev 1/2022. SRFAC; 2022. https://srfac.sg/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/CA-Manual-REV-1-2022.pdf. Accessed September 29, 2025.
  2. Singapore Heart Foundation. Sudden cardiac arrest. MyHeart. https://www.myheart.org.sg/health/heart-conditions/sudden-cardiac-arrest/. Accessed September 29, 2025.
  3. Singapore Heart Foundation. Heart disease statistics. MyHeart. https://www.myheart.org.sg/health/heart-disease-statistics/. Accessed September 29, 2025.
  4. Singapore Heart Foundation. Out‑of‑Hospital Cardiac Arrest statistics. MyHeart. https://www.myheart.org.sg/health/out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest-statistics/. Accessed September 29, 2025.

The post Heart Health: Why Prevention Is Your First Line of Defence appeared first on Capital Heart Centre.

]]> Are You at Risk? Heart Diseases Affecting Singaporeans Today https://www.capitalheart.sg/are-you-at-risk-heart-diseases-affecting-singaporeans-today/ Mon, 17 Nov 2025 09:43:40 +0000 https://www.capitalheart.sg/?p=11218 In 2021, the World Health Organisation cited heart disease as one of the leading global causes of death. In fact, CVD accounted for 32% of global deaths that year. Unfortunately, a similar statistic prevailed among Singaporeans. The positive news is that fewer people are dying from heart diseases these days, thanks to better medical treatments....

The post Are You at Risk? Heart Diseases Affecting Singaporeans Today appeared first on Capital Heart Centre.

]]> In 2021, the World Health Organisation cited heart disease as one of the leading global causes of death. In fact, CVD accounted for 32% of global deaths that year. Unfortunately, a similar statistic prevailed among Singaporeans.

An elderly man experiencing heart issues
The positive news is that fewer people are dying from heart diseases these days, thanks to better medical treatments. However, more people are still being diagnosed with these conditions, partly because more people have risk factors. In this article, we will learn about the common heart diseases Singaporeans are at risk of and what you can do about them.

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

One common heart disease that affects Singaporeans is Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). This occurs when the major blood vessels, known as the coronary arteries, become narrowed due to atherosclerosis — a buildup of plaque (e.g., cholesterol deposits) along the artery walls. These blood vessels supply the heart with oxygen-rich blood and nutrients. When they are compromised, the heart’s ability to function properly can also be affected.

Often, patients with this condition do not exhibit major symptoms until a significant blockage occurs. In such cases, CAD may cause symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, or lead directly to a heart attack.

Heart Failure

The different functions of the heart
Not to be confused with a heart attack, heart failure is a chronic condition that develops over time when the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently throughout the body.

The heart functions by rhythmically contracting and relaxing to pump blood in and out, allowing for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Individuals with heart failure may experience one of the following:

  • Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (systolic heart failure) occurs when the heart muscle is too weak to pump blood out effectively.
  • Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (diastolic heart failure) occurs when the heart may become too stiff to relax properly, limiting its ability to fill with blood between beats.

This is why patients with heart failure may find themselves experiencing shortness of breath, fatigue, and a weak or elevated heart rate even while resting.

Arrhythmias (Irregular Heartbeat)

Arrhythmias are conditions in which the heart beats abnormally. This means the heart may beat too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or irregularly. Symptoms can vary depending on the type of arrhythmia, but commonly include heart palpitations, dizziness or lightheadedness, fainting, and chest discomfort.

Depending on its severity and underlying cause, an arrhythmia may be harmless or may signal a more serious condition that can lead to complications such as stroke, heart failure, or heart attack.

Valvular Heart Disease

Valvular heart disease happens when one or more of the heart’s valves become damaged or diseased, disrupting the normal blood flow through the heart. As a result, this places extra strain on the heart, leading to early symptoms such as chest pain, palpitations, fatigue, or dizziness. If left untreated, valvular heart disease can worsen over time and may eventually lead to heart failure. This progression typically occurs due to one of the following types of valve dysfunction:

The different Valve functions and potential issues

  • Regurgitation (leakage): The valve does not close properly, allowing blood to flow backward instead of moving in one direction. This forces the heart to work harder to maintain adequate circulation.
  • Stenosis (narrowing): The valve opening becomes narrowed and does not open fully, which restricts blood flow through the valve and increases the workload on the heart.

Congenital Heart Defects

A congenital heart defect means that a heart abnormality is present at birth, which can range from harmless to serious. Congenital heart defects can take many forms; in Singapore, however, some of the more common cases involve the detection of a hole in the heart’s wall (e.g., ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect), causing blood to leak between chambers and making it harder for the heart to pump efficiently. As a result, affected babies are often found struggling to breathe and may show signs such as:

  • Pale or blue lips, tongue, or fingernails
  • Swelling in the legs, belly, or areas around the eyes
  • Being underweight

Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy refers to a heart muscle disease in which the heart finds it harder to pump blood effectively throughout the body. There are different types of cardiomyopathy, each affecting the heart muscle in distinct ways:

  • Dilated cardiomyopathy: The heart chambers become enlarged and the walls thin and stretched, which reduces the heart’s ability to pump blood efficiently.
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: The heart muscle becomes abnormally thick, which can obstruct blood flow and make it harder to pump.
  • Restrictive cardiomyopathy: The heart muscle becomes stiff and less flexible, preventing it from properly expanding and filling with blood between beats.

Hypertensive Heart Disease

Hypertensive heart disease refers to a group of heart-related medical conditions that develop due to long-term, unmanaged high blood pressure (hypertension). This occurs because chronic high blood pressure puts extra strain on the heart to pump blood. Over time, the heart muscles may become thicker, or blood vessels may become narrower, leading to increased strain. In fact, heart conditions like CAD can be considered a form of hypertensive heart disease if persistent high blood pressure is the primary underlying cause. As a result, the potential outcomes are similar: individuals with untreated hypertensive heart disease may suffer from heart failure, arrhythmia, or even sudden cardiac arrest.

Who Is Most at Risk?

As you may have noticed, heart diseases often develop due to underlying medical conditions that go unaddressed. For example, high blood pressure can change the structure of the heart and blood vessels, while high cholesterol can lead to plaque buildup. Similar effects can occur in people with diabetes or obesity, as these conditions can cause extensive atherosclerosis.

More importantly, one heart condition can often lead to other types of heart dysfunction. For instance, an arrhythmia can eventually lead to heart failure. This makes it even more crucial to understand the risk factors for heart disease, such as ageing, being male, and having a family history of heart disease, which also increase your chances of developing heart problems.

While the previously mentioned risk factors are less avoidable, there are several other lifestyle-related factors that you can adjust to reduce your risk of heart disease:

  • Smoking: This habit — including exposure to second-hand smoke — can directly damage blood vessels and impair heart function. Quitting is one of the most effective ways to reduce your risk.
  • Physical Inactivity: A sedentary lifestyle is strongly linked to coronary artery disease and can worsen the management of other risk factors.
  • Unhealthy Diet: Foods that are high in trans-fat, such as those with high sugar and salt contents, can increase your risk of developing heart disease.
  • Stress: Chronic, unmanaged stress can worsen other risk factors and may contribute to damage in the arteries.

When to See a Heart Doctor in Singapore

Doctor showing a heart model to a patientSymptoms of heart disease usually develop over time, often without obvious signs, until significant damage has occurred. This means that experiencing symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, or sudden or persistent palpitations should ring alarm bells. In such cases, do not delay seeking treatment; promptly visit a heart doctor in Singapore.

Nowadays, many heart conditions can be treated and managed through minimally invasive procedures that allow for quicker recovery and minimal pain. For more information, book a consultation with Dr Joshua Loh, Senior Consultant Interventional Cardiologist, to understand the options available to you.

Get A Heart Health Screening Today

There’s a reason why heart diseases are deemed silent killers and can affect even the seemingly ‘healthiest’ people. As such, men aged above 40 and women approaching menopause are highly encouraged to get their hearts checked regularly, especially if they have known risk factors. In Singapore, the team at Capital Heart Centre offers a comprehensive heart screening package to help you understand your heart health.

References

  1. World Health Organisation. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). July 31, 2025. Accessed 10 September 2025. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)
  2. MyHeart (Singapore). Heart disease statistics. Accessed 10 September 2025. https://www.myheart.org.sg/health/heart-disease-statistics/
    Mayo Clinic Staff. Cardiomyopathy: Symptoms & causes. Mayo Clinic. Accessed 10 September 2025. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cardiomyopathy/symptoms-causes/syc-2037070
  3. Cleveland Clinic. Hypertensive heart disease: Symptoms, causes & treatment. Accessed 10 September 2025. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21840-hypertensive-heart-disease
  4. Mayo Clinic Staff. Congenital heart defects in children: Symptoms & causes. Mayo Clinic. Accessed 10 September 2025. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/congenital-heart-defects-children/symptoms-causes/syc-20350074

The post Are You at Risk? Heart Diseases Affecting Singaporeans Today appeared first on Capital Heart Centre.

]]> 别只盯坏胆固醇 慎防脂蛋白a暗箭伤心 Don’t just focus on bad cholesterol, beware of lipoprotein(a) which can silently harm the heart https://www.capitalheart.sg/%e5%88%ab%e5%8f%aa%e7%9b%af%e5%9d%8f%e8%83%86%e5%9b%ba%e9%86%87-%e6%85%8e%e9%98%b2%e8%84%82%e8%9b%8b%e7%99%bda%e6%9a%97%e7%ae%ad%e4%bc%a4%e5%bf%83-dont-just-focus-on-bad-cholesterol-beware-o/ Thu, 25 Sep 2025 03:55:05 +0000 https://www.capitalheart.sg/?p=11074 The post 别只盯坏胆固醇 慎防脂蛋白a暗箭伤心 Don’t just focus on bad cholesterol, beware of lipoprotein(a) which can silently harm the heart appeared first on Capital Heart Centre.

]]>

别只盯坏胆固醇 慎防脂蛋白a暗箭伤心
Don’t just focus on bad cholesterol, beware of lipoprotein(a) which can silently harm the heart

The post 别只盯坏胆固醇 慎防脂蛋白a暗箭伤心 Don’t just focus on bad cholesterol, beware of lipoprotein(a) which can silently harm the heart appeared first on Capital Heart Centre.

]]> Dr Joshua Loh Conferred Fellowship of the European Society of Cardiology (FESC) at ESC Congress 2025 https://www.capitalheart.sg/dr-joshua-loh-awarded-fesc-at-esc-congress-2025-in-madrid/ Thu, 11 Sep 2025 01:34:41 +0000 https://www.capitalheart.sg/?p=11039 The post Dr Joshua Loh Conferred Fellowship of the European Society of Cardiology (FESC) at ESC Congress 2025 appeared first on Capital Heart Centre.

]]>

Dr Joshua Loh Conferred Fellowship of the European Society of Cardiology (FESC) at ESC Congress 2025

Dr. Joshua Loh at the ESC Congress 2025, Dr. Joshua Loh sitting with a sign with "Guided by Integrity" written at the ESC Congress 2025, Dr. Joshua Loh standing with a sign with "Excellence without Compromise" written at the ESC Congress 2025
Dr. Joshua Loh sitting with a sign with Guided by Integrity written at the ESC Congress 2025
Dr. Joshua Loh standing with a sign with Excellence without Compromise written at the ESC Congress 2025

We are proud to announce that Dr Joshua Loh, Senior Consultant Cardiologist at Capital Heart Centre, has been conferred the title of Fellow of the European Society of Cardiology (FESC) during the ESC Congress 2025, held in conjunction with the World Congress of Cardiology in Madrid, Spain, from 29 August to 1 September 2025.

The title Fellow of the European Society of Cardiology is a distinguished honour awarded to individuals who have contributed significantly to the field of cardiovascular health. The ESC Fellowship programme recognises achievement and service within the cardiology community.

As a symbol of distinction, the title “Fellow” represents the contributions and commitment of cardiovascular health professionals worldwide. Being elected as a FESC is an international recognition of Dr Loh’s expertise and his ongoing contributions to advancing cardiovascular health.

This milestone reflects Dr Loh’s dedication not only to the global cardiology community but also to providing patient-centred, evidence-based care at Capital Heart Centre.

We extend our warmest congratulations to Dr Joshua Loh on this distinguished achievement.

To learn more about Dr Loh’s expertise and patient education, you may wish to visit our Articles & Blog.

The post Dr Joshua Loh Conferred Fellowship of the European Society of Cardiology (FESC) at ESC Congress 2025 appeared first on Capital Heart Centre.

]]> All You Need To Know About An Echocardiogram: Purpose, Types, And More https://www.capitalheart.sg/all-you-need-to-know-about-an-echocardiogram-purpose-types-and-more/ Thu, 28 Aug 2025 10:21:36 +0000 https://www.capitalheart.sg/?p=10953 The post All You Need To Know About An Echocardiogram: Purpose, Types, And More appeared first on Capital Heart Centre.

]]>
A male patient is undergoing an echocardiogram with a sonographer holding the transducer on his chest.

Summary:

  • An echocardiogram uses sound waves to create images of the heart and assess its structure, pumping function, heart valves and blood flow.
  • Doctors may recommend an echocardiogram when investigating symptoms such as chest discomfort, breathlessness, palpitations or other signs that may suggest a heart condition.
  • The test can help identify heart valve problems, changes in heart size or pumping function, and certain structural or congenital heart abnormalities.
  • The test is generally non-invasive and does not use radiation, making it a commonly used investigation for assessing and monitoring heart conditions.

Why is an Echocardiogram Performed

An echocardiogram is a test performed on the heart using sound waves to look for any underlying cardiac issues. It is commonly used to measure the size and function of the heart’s chambers, analyse the behaviour of the heart’s valves, and measure heart muscle contraction and blood flow.

The test results provide valuable data that help cardiologists do the following:

  • Assess why a patient experiences symptoms of cardiovascular conditions.
  • Track the progression of a heart condition you may have been diagnosed with.
  • Evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing or prescribed treatment.

Although echocardiograms are primarily diagnostic tests used to assess the structure and function of the heart in patients with symptoms, they can also be used as a screening tool in some cases. Therefore, your cardiologist may recommend that you undergo an echocardiogram even if you do not have symptoms of heart conditions.

Who May Need an Echocardiogram

People with one or more of the following symptoms may require an echocardiogram:

  • Shortness of breath
  • Chest pain or discomfort
  • Irregular heartbeats
  • Abnormal sounds—such as a whooshing, swishing, or humming—heard during a heartbeat
  • Swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet
  • Fatigue or weakness
  • Fainting

Additionally, patients with one or more of the following suspected or known conditions may require an echocardiogram:

  • Heart valve diseases
  • Coronary artery disease
  • Hemodynamic instability or structural heart disease
  • Heart failure or heart attack
  • Congenital heart disease

At Capital Heart Centre, Dr Joshua Loh, our experienced cardiologist in Singapore, will thoroughly assess your condition to help you determine if an echocardiogram is suitable for you. In addition to echocardiograms, a wide variety of other tests are also available. This ensures you will undergo the right test(s) for your cardiovascular condition.

What are the Types of Echocardiograms

1. Non-Invasive Transthoracic Echocardiogram Test
Echocardiogram diagram copy

The most commonly performed echocardiogram is the transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE), a type of ultrasound scan. In TTE, a small, handheld device known as an imaging probe is positioned on the chest by your cardiologist or technician, emitting sound waves that pass through the chest cavity. As these waves encounter the heart and nearby organs, they reflect as echoes. These are captured and transformed into images of the heart in motion.

Since no imaging equipment enters the body during a TTE, it is considered a safe, non-invasive procedure.

2. Minimally Invasive Transoesophageal Echocardiogram Test
Transesophageal Echocardiogram diagram

A transoesophageal echocardiogram is performed when a transthoracic echocardiogram cannot provide sufficient quality data, and better image definition is required for certain structures within the heart.

A transoesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is done to examine the heart from inside the body. A small flexible imaging probe (a tube equipped with a sound wave emitter) is placed inside the oesophagus. The sound waves bounce off different areas of your heart, sending echoes to a computer to be turned into pictures. These pictures show the structure and function of your heart in greater detail.

3. Stress Echocardiogram Test
Patient undergoing treadmill exercise ECG test 2

Usually performed when we suspect coronary artery disease based on a patient’s symptoms and signs. Exercise stress echocardiography combines an echocardiogram with a treadmill exercise ECG test to check how the heart responds to physical activity or stress. Ultrasound images of the heart are taken before and after exercising on the treadmill. During exercise, blood pressure and ECG is continuously being monitored.  If you cannot exercise, you may be given some medication to make your heart work harder.

How the Cardiologist Decides Which Echocardiogram You Need

When a cardiologist determines which type of echocardiogram you need, they’ll base their decision on your symptoms, medical history, and the suspected heart condition. Here’s how they approach this:

  • Symptom Discussion: The doctor will ask about symptoms such as shortness of breath, leg swelling, chest pain, or heart murmurs.
  • Medical History: Reviewing your past heart conditions, such as heart valve disease or heart failure, is essential in selecting the proper test.
  • Physical Examination: The doctor may listen to your heart for abnormal sounds or check for signs of fluid retention that could suggest heart function issues.
  • Reason for Test: The goal is to determine how well your heart and valves function. A different type of echocardiogram may be needed depending on whether the issue is structural, functional, or related to blood flow.
  • Risk Factors: Risk factors like hypertension, congenital heart disease, or previous heart surgery will influence the type of echo they choose.

How to Prepare for the Procedure

“Be Prepared” spelled in blocks

Food, Medications, and Other Preparations

Before an echocardiogram, you should let your cardiologist know if you are taking any medication, including aspirin, blood thinners, and mineral supplements. Here is a general guideline：

  • TTE:
  • Eat or drink normally before this test. You can generally take your regular medications before the test.
  • Wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing. It is advisable to dress in a way that allows easy removal of your top, as the test involves placing electrodes and a probe on your chest.
  • TEE:
  • Before the procedure, you usually need to fast for 4 to 6 hours to prevent vomiting or aspiration during the procedure. This includes avoiding both food and drinks, except for a small sip of water with prescribed medications.
  • Remove all jewellery and wear comfortable clothing. Before the procedure, it is recommended that you take a bath or shower.
  • Stress Echocardiogram:
  • Exercise stress echocardiography:
  • To reduce the risk of nausea during exercise, avoid eating a heavy meal before. Opt for light meals instead.
  • Do not consume caffeine for at least 3 hours before the test, as it can affect heart rate and blood pressure
  • It is advisable to wear comfortable shoes and workout clothes, as you will be walking on a treadmill or pedaling a stationary bike.
  • Dobutamine stress echocardiography:
  • You may need to avoid food and drinks, except water, typically up to 4 hours before the test.
  • Wearing comfortable clothes allows electrodes to be placed easily.

Important Note: The information above is meant as a general guide. Since every patient is different, it’s always best to check with your cardiologist about whether you need to adjust your medications before your scheduled echocardiogram test.

At Capital Heart Centre, a cardiology clinic in Singapore, Dr Joshua Loh will give you personalised advice on how to prepare for your tests.

What to Expect

What Would Happen During the Procedure?

Transthoracic Echocardiogram (TTE)
  • Procedure: A TTE typically takes 30 to 60 minutes to complete. Small patches (electrodes) are placed on the chest before an imaging probe (ultrasound wand) is pressed against the chest to send high-frequency sound waves and pick up echoes.
  • Comfort Level: You might experience some discomfort during the transducer placement. However, do not worry; the discomfort is typically mild and temporary.
Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE)
  • Procedure: The procedure will last slightly longer, estimated at around  10 to 30 minutes. Your echocardiographer may also ask you to swallow a few times to shift the imaging probe into the oesophagus.
  • Comfort Level: You should not experience any significant pain during a TEE. For a TEE, you will be sedated before the procedure to numb your throat. Thus, you will not feel much during the procedure aside from mild discomfort caused by the anaesthetic being administered and the movement of the tube.
Stress Echocardiogram
  • Procedure: A stress echocardiogram takes about 45 to 60 minutes. Initially, baseline images of your heart are taken while you are at rest. Then, to raise your heart rate, you will be asked to exercise, either by walking on a treadmill or riding a stationary bike. After the exercise, more images of your heart are captured to see how it functions under stress. In cases where you cannot exercise, medication may be administered to simulate the effects of physical exertion.
  • Comfort Level: If you are exercising, it may feel strenuous, especially if you’re not accustomed to it. If medication is used instead of exercise, you may feel some side effects, such as a flushed feeling, but this generally resolves quickly. There should be no pain during the test, though mild discomfort from exertion is common.

What the Echocardiogram Data May Show

Echocardiogram readings copy

Heart Defects

Echocardiogram data can reveal irregular linkages between your heart and blood vessels or between the four chambers of your heart. These are usually related to congenital heart defects.

Damages to the Heart Muscles

Images from an echocardiogram may show damage to your heart tissue, which could be a sign of a past heart attack.

Various Heart Valve Problems

An echocardiogram may show any thickening or blockages inside your heart’s walls, signalling possible heart valve conditions such as stenosis (narrowing of the heart valves).

Extra tissue on your heart valves will also appear on the images, which could suggest infection or cancer.

Pump Strength

Since a TTE and TEE can accurately measure blood flow, suboptimal pump strength can be detected.

An echocardiogram will also detect if blood regurgitates back into the heart after each pump.

Changes in Heart Size

Echocardiogram data can help your cardiologist notice heart enlargement, indicating coronary artery disease and chronic high blood pressure.

Summary

Section Summary
Purpose Echocardiograms are a group of non-invasive or minimally invasive tests that rely on sound waves to assess heart structure and function, identify conditions, and monitor treatment progress.
Who May Need It People with symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, irregular heartbeats, or known heart conditions like valve disease, coronary artery disease, and heart failure.
Types of Echocardiograms
  • Transthoracic (TTE): Uses an imaging probe on the chest to capture heart images.
  • Transesophageal (TEE): Uses an imaging probe in the oesophagus for clearer images.
  • Stress Echocardiogram: Monitors heart function under stress or exercise.
Preparation Guidelines depend on the test type (TTE, TEE, Stress); they may involve fasting or avoiding certain foods/medications.
Procedure Experience Generally painless, though some discomfort may occur. Stress echocardiograms may cause mild exertion discomfort.
Post-Procedure Normal activities can usually be resumed after the test. Further tests may be needed based on the results
Results Detects heart defects, valve issues, muscle damage, changes in heart size, and blood flow abnormalities.

Visit Capital Heart Centre

Patient speaking to a doctor at Capital heart Centre

Clear echocardiogram results can be crucial in helping cardiologists determine a correct diagnosis. Schedule an appointment with Dr Joshua Loh, Senior Consultant Interventional Cardiologist at Capital Heart Centre, which is conveniently located at Singapore’s Mt Elizabeth Novena Hospital. With more than 15 years of experience in the field of cardiology, Dr Loh is an expert in conducting detailed cardiac diagnostic and screening tests as well as executing complex coronary interventional procedures.

References

  1. Echocardiogram. Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/echocardiogram/about/pac-20393856
  2. Transesophageal Echocardiogram. Healthline
    https://www.healthline.com/health/tee-procedure

The post All You Need To Know About An Echocardiogram: Purpose, Types, And More appeared first on Capital Heart Centre.

]]>